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Political System
The dynasty claimed to be the legitimate successors of the Tang. They incorporated their own tribes under respective chieftains and formed a confederation with other subdued tribes in the region, which was then transformed into a hereditary monarchy.
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The Liao employed a differential ruling system. That is, different systems were applied to people from different cultures and economies in different areas. The system of administration mainly consisted of the tribal system, the slavery system, the Bohai system, and the feudal system which was for the Han people.
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For Khitan people, tribal system was adapted, in which they maintained their traditional rites and to a great extent retained their own style of cuisine and clothing. And for Han people, particularly in the farming region, the system established under the Tang was used. This included the use of Tang official titles, an examination system for the appointment of the civil service and a Chinese style tax regime. The Chinese language continued to be used and the customs of the Han were kept. www.1155815.cn
Officials of that time were divided into two groups according to where they came from (the north or the south). Corresponding administration systems were set up for each area. The Khitan administrative system, called the orthodox system, was applied to Khitan officials who were called northern officials, while the Han administrative system was applied to the Han officials, who were called southern officials. Because of different customs and levels of economic development, the northern officials mainly governed the Khitan Tartars and other nomadic peoples while the southern officials took charge of agriculture mainly in areas where the Han people resided. As the Liao Dynasty was founded by the Khitan, the northern officials were superior in status to their southern counterparts. But the southern administrative system was actually the feudal system that used to be practiced in the Central Plain states. After the Liao conquered the sixteen prefectures in the Yanyun area, this system was further improved.
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