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In the north, large amounts of Buddhist caves and temples were built. Mogao Grottoes in today's Dunhuang, Yungang Grottoes in Datong and Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang were four flourishing centers of Buddhist culture in its glory. www.1155815.com
Buddhist monastic establishment grew rapidly at that time. By 477 there were reportedly 6,478 Buddhist temples and 77,258 monks and nuns in the north. The south was said to have 2,846 temples and 82,700 clerics some decades later. Emperor Wudi of Liang had even contributed himself to experience as a Buddhist disciple in a temple for three times. In Jiankang (present Nanjing city in Jiangsu Province), Buddhist temples added up to 500 with 10000 monks. Women turned to Buddhism as readily as men. www.1155815.com
Originally one philosophy school of dozens schools in the Spring and Autumn Period, Taoism grew up into a religion in the late Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220 AD). At first, it only gain the popularity among civilians and during the Jin Dynasty (265 - 420) it became a prevalence in the upper society and in the succession of Northern Qi and Northern Liang, Taoism gained good graces of the ruler and once play a critical role in court. Taoist activities and ceremonies were held for worship purpose. 民俗节庆网
Literature and Art 1155815.com
Up to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, poets became increasingly interested in more lyric verses in which poetries sang their feeling and emotion by narrations of natural landscapes. Xie Lingyun is a typical one. Another form of poet is Yuefu Shi - a more populace one generated from the common people. It takes a more rustic way rather than stylish and the contents mainly concern labors and people's daily life. With prevail of literature, some literature critiques appeared and among them Wen Xi Diao Long written by Liuxie of the Northern Qi is remarkable. 1155815.cn
Metaphysics and Its Social Influence
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Due to instability and turbulence in this period, people felt pessimistic about their life and fate, therefore escapism and pessimism became a prevailed ideology. Metaphysics - a branch of philosophy that examines the nature of reality, including the relationship between mind and matter, substance and attribute, fact and value further brought out a further deteriorated result. Literati rejected moral creeds and social rules, and practiced idle talk by immersion. It accelerated the decline of this era.
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